Equipment And Materials Used In Water Well Drilling: Selection And Utilization Tips ,Drilling,borehole,well Pipe,drilling Pipe,drilling Well,well Construction,submersible Pipe,screen Pipe,deep Well

Water well drilling plays a crucial role in accessing clean and safe water sources, especially in areas where traditional water supply systems are limited. To successfully execute a water well drilling project, it is essential to have the right equipment and materials. This article will focus on the key equipment used in water well drilling, including drilling rigs, pumps, and drill pipes, and provide useful tips on how to select and utilize these tools effectively.

1. Drilling Rigs: The drilling rig is the primary equipment used to create a water well. There are various types of drilling rigs available, such as cable tool rigs, rotary drilling rigs, and percussion drilling rigs. When selecting a drilling rig, consider the following factors:

• Depth and Diameter: Choose a rig that can handle the required well depth and diameter. Deeper wells may necessitate more powerful rigs.
• Mobility: Depending on the project's location and accessibility, opt for a rig that offers the right level of mobility and transportation convenience.
• Power Source: Drilling rigs can be powered by diesel, electricity, or hydraulics. Pick a power source suitable for the project's requirements and the available resources.

2. Pumps: After the well is drilled, pumps are essential for extracting water and delivering it to the surface. The two primary types of pumps used in water wells are submersible pumps and jet pumps.

• Submersible Pumps: These pumps are installed directly inside the well, submerged in water. They are efficient and have a longer lifespan but require a larger initial investment.
• Jet Pumps: These pumps are located above ground and use suction to draw water from the well. They are more affordable but may be less efficient in deep wells.

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A pressure tank is an integral part of maintaining your well. Pressurized well tanks extend the lifespan of your well pump by preventing rapid on/off cycling of the pump and maintaining water pressure throughout your home. A properly sized pressure tank ensures your household water needs are met and your pump is protected against short-cycling. 

Join John Woodard, our Master Water Specialist, as he discusses what well pressure tanks are, how to size them, and what accessories you need to make sure the tank functions properly. 

What is a well pressure tank? 

A well pressure tank maintains the water pressure in the household and more importantly, protects the life of the well pump. Every time a faucet gets turned on, a toilet flushes, or someone runs a bath, water is demanded from your well. The pressure tank holds a quantity of water to draw upon to meet these needs before asking the well pump to kick on. This extends the time between the pump turning on and turning off. If that on/off cycle is fast, every time you open a faucet the pump will turn on, and when you close the faucet, the pump shuts off. When the well pump is turning on and off too frequently, it is known as "short-cycling". Short-cycling puts enormous stress on your well pump and can cause it to prematurely fail. This requires an expensive replacement that could have been avoided. 

By extending the time between the on and off cycles, a pressure tank keeps your well pump from undue wear and tear. It also stabilizes your overall household water pressure, so your faucets don't spit and sputter as they wait for the pump to catch up. 

How does a well pressure tank work? 

A well pressure tank uses compressed air to push pressurized water out of the tank and into your home. Pressure tanks have a diaphragm, also called a bladder, that separates a chamber of air from the water. As the tank fills with water, it compresses the air chamber. When you turn your water on, the compressed air pressurizes the water and pushes it back out of the tank. 

How does a pressure switch work on a well pump?

Pressure tanks are set up to run in conjunction with a pressure switch. The pressure switch monitors the pressure in the tank. It informs the well pump when to turn on and when to turn off based on the rise and fall of the pressure within the tank. Most households are set up to run with a pressure switch that turns the pump on at 30 pounds of pressure and turn the pump off at 50 pounds of pressure. The gauge on in front of the tank indicates when the maximum pressure has been reached and the switch then automatically shuts off the pump. 

What is pressure tank drawdown?  

Drawdown is the amount of useable water in the pressure tank. It is the volume of water drawn from the tank between the time the pump takes to turn on and off. As water comes out of the tank, the pressure of the tank decreases. If you are using a 30/50 pressure switch, the pressure will continue to drop down until it reaches 30psi. At this point, the pressure switch will turn on and activate the well pump until the tank reaches 50psi. That volume of water between 50psi and 30psi is the drawdown. Essentially, the drawdown is the length of time the pump is protected from shutting on and off. The drawdown is not to be confused with the total tank volume. Your total tank volume is a measure of the tank size required to produce the desired drawdown capacity. 

How do I size a well pressure tank? 

Sizing a well pressure tank is a three-step process of knowing the flow rate, the minimum runtime of the pump, and the pressure switch setting. These three variables must be calculated together to find what size pressure tank works for a system. Follow these steps to properly size your well pressure tank: 

1. Flow Rate

Your flow rate is how many gallons per minute your pump produces. 

2. Minimum Runtime 

Multiplying the flow rate by the minimum runtime of the pump will give you the drawdown capacity. The minimum runtime rule of thumb is any pump operating at 10 gallons per minute (GPM) or under should be producing one gallon per minute of runtime.

(For example, 10 GPM flow rate x 1 = 10 gallon drawdown capacity.)

Anything above 10 GPM should be producing 1.5 gallons per minute of runtime.

(For example, 16 GPM flow rate x 1.5 = 24 gallon drawdown capacity.)

If your flow rate is above 20, you may require multiple tanks.

3. Pressure Switch Setting

The pressure switch setting is the pressure at which the pump turns on to fill the tank up, and the pressure at which the pump shuts off, knowing the tank is full. The three pressure switch settings for pressure tanks are 20/40, 30/50, and 40/60. The first number is the pressure at which your pump turns back on and the second number is the pressure at which your pump turns off (i.e. 20psi on, 40 psi off). The number that turns off the pump pressure is going to have the most direct effect on your drawdown capacity. For example, if you have a 40/60 switch, you are going to have less drawdown capacity than you would have on a 30/50 switch.

Most well pressure tank manufacturers will provide you will a chart to tell you what your drawdown capacity is based upon the pressure switch setting. 

What is a tank package?

When purchasing a new pressure tank, it is important to also purchase a corresponding tank package, also called a t-pack. The t-pack will attach to the outlet of the well tank and then hook up to your inlet line from the wall and onto your household. These come with many of the necessary parts to operate and monitor your well pressure tank, including the pressure switch, pressure gauge, relief valve, tank cross, and ball valve. 

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